Natural Law Research Articles

FƏALİYYƏT PROSESİNDƏ MƏKTƏBLİ ŞƏXSİYYƏTİNİN FORMALAŞMASINA DAİR

About the Formation of a Student's Personality in the Process of Activity Summary To increase the effectiveness of the development of a child’s personality, it is important to organize comprehensive training for children in the laws of nature and society, to teach them to build their activities in accordance with this knowledge; since social relations reflect the essence of the individual, it is necessary to connect them with the experience of social activities, integrate them into the system of social relations in order to stimulate the development of children’s natural and mental abilities; When organizing the social and industrial activities of children in our country, innovations in socio-economic and cultural relations must be taken into account. The more widely and regularly children are involved in socially useful activities, in active social relations, the more meaningful and organized their activities in this regard are, the more effective the formation of personality and character will be. Key words: personality formation, social relations, productive pedagogical activity, natural capabilities of the individual, student’s work activity

Last Stop on the Cosmic Journey: An Estimated Time of Arrival

History is here imagined as a moral, intellectual, and physical journey whose destination involves: penetration to the furthest reaches of the cosmos, complete understanding of the laws of nature, and a perfect system of ethics with respect to the management of society and nature. It is suggested that the exhaustion of material potential implied by the Second Law of Thermodynamics is counterbalanced by the augmentation of informational potential in a process of ephemeralisation or doing more with less. Evolution is modelled as a process of hyper-exponentially increasing combinatorial complexity interrupted by occasional restarts or episodes of creative destruction. Drawing on these speculations, a calculation is developed leading to the necessarily rough and impressionistic conclusion that humanity will reach its above-defined destination some twenty millennia from now.

“GƏNC QRAMMATİKLƏR” MƏKTƏBİNİN DİLÇİLİK TARİXİNDƏ OYNADIĞI ROLA DAİR

On The Role of the "Young Grammar School" in the History of Linguistics Summary The term "young grammarians" refers to a group of linguists formed in Leipzig in the 1970s. The main representatives of young grammarians were A. Leskien, B. Delbrück, G.Paul, G.Osthoff, K.Brugman, W.Brounet and E. Severs. Young grammarians consider linguistics exclusively as a diachronic, historical-comparative discipline. This is expressed in the most important work of the time, The Principles of Linguistic History by Herman Paul. With their hypothesis of the "non-exclusivity of the laws of sounds", they attempted to re-establish linguistics within a purely scientific framework. This development was the result of the growing competition between the humanities and the natural sciences. According to them, language changes occur without exception on the basis of the natural laws of sound. Linguistic knowledge should be based solely on observable facts and not on abstractions. Key words: linguistic schools, neogrammarians, the principle of historicism, phonetics, phonology, sound, comparison

On some objections to the powers-BSA

Abstract This paper responds to Friend's (2023) critique of the Powers-BSA, a view according to which laws of nature are efficient descriptions of how modally laden properties (powers) are possibly distributed in spacetime. In the course of this response, the paper discusses the nature of scientific and metaphysical explanation, the aim of science, and the structure of modal space.

Research on Group Behavior Modeling and Individual Interaction Modes with Informed Leaders

This study investigates coordinated behaviors and the underlying collective intelligence in biological groups, particularly those led by informed leaders. By establishing new convergence condition based on experiments involving real biological groups, this research introduces the concept of a volitional term and heterogeneous networks, constructing a coupled-force Cucker–Smale model with informed leaders. Incorporating informed leaders into the leader-follower group model enables a more accurate representation of biological group behaviors. The paper then extracts the Flock Leadership Hierarchy Network (FLH), a model reflecting real biological interactions. Employing time slicing and rolling time windows, the study methodically analyzes group behavior stages, using volatility and convergence time as metrics to examine the relationship between group consistency and interactions. Comparative experiments show the FLH network’s superior performance. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test demonstrates that the FLH network conforms to a power-law distribution, a prevalent law in nature. This result further illuminates the crucial role that power-law distribution plays in the evolutionary processes of biological communities. This study offers new perspectives on the evolution of biological groups, contributing to our understanding of the behaviors of both natural and artificial systems, such as animal migration and autonomous drone operations.

Lagrangian possibilities

Natural modalities are often analysed from an abstract point of view where they are associated with putative laws of nature. However, the way possibilities are represented in physics is more complex. Lagrangian mechanics, for instance, involves two different layers of modalities: kinematical and dynamical possibilities. This paper examines the status of these two layers, both in the classical and quantum case. The quantum case is particularly problematic: we identify four possible interpretive options. The upshot is that a close inspection of the way possibilities are represented in physics could lead to new ways of thinking about natural modalities.

Fatima’s inheritance: Law, Islam, and gendered archive-making in India’s early modern global connections

Abstract Sometime around the first half of the seventeenth century, a Muslim woman known by the name Fatima brought her slaves to court over an inheritance dispute in the Indian port city of Surat. Tracing Fatima’s lawsuit and its many afterlives through the study of the transmission of its sole surviving record, this article charts the genealogies of the gendered (re)interpretations of the meaning of law and Islam from the courtroom of Surat to a Mughal official’s anthology and to a French Orientalist’s library. Along the way, Fatima’s invocation of divine legal authority in protecting her right of inheritance became abstracted by the Mughal official into a Persianate scribal articulation of ideal social order that saw the masculine as the default gender of law. This scribal vision of order then converged with the Orientalist’s universalist narrative of natural law that struggled to comprehend simultaneously the legal, economic and bodily agency of Muslim women. These layered processes of archive-making ultimately invite us to rethink not just Fatima’s story itself but also our current efforts to write gender into global history.

The right to legitimate harm as a natural human right: reflections on the legal nature of circumstances that exclude the criminal wrongfulness of an act

In the article, the right of a person to harm law enforcement interests in the presence of the actual composition of circumstances that exclude the criminal wrongfulness of an act is considered as a natural human right. A person, in the event of damage to law-enforcement interests, realizes the legitimacy of such natural rights as the right to happiness, the right to life, the right to health, the right to honor and dignity. Universal in this case is the right to happiness (personal and/or social), which can be pursued by a person in the event of harm in the presence of any circumstance that excludes the criminal wrongfulness of the act. The right to harm law enforcement interests in the presence of circumstances in the actions of a person that exclude the criminal wrongfulness of an act is realized through the possibilities of natural human rights, and the powers themselves derive from natural law. Given the methodological approach of social naturalism, the unlawful behavior of a sociopathic person, which is characterized by a complex of arbitrariness and illusions, causes the emergence of a state of one of the circumstances that excludes the criminal wrongfulness of the act, is a kind of trigger mechanism for the reverse reaction of the person to whom such unlawful behavior is addressed. In view of the fact that in this way the protection of natural human rights takes place, and the behavior itself meets the requirements put forward by the legislator to some of the circumstances that exclude the criminal wrongfulness of the act, the consciousness and will of a person who harms law-enforcement interests are not in a state of anomie, such a person lacks a complex of arbitrariness and illusions, and the person himself is not sociopathic. In the case of an excess in the defense of their natural rights, when there is a damage that clearly does not correspond to the danger that threatens this person, consciousness and will are struck by a complex of arbitrariness and illusions, and for such unlawful actions a sociopathic person is brought to criminal responsibility.

The Dialectics of Nature–Human Conflicts for Sustainable Water Security

How humans use and manage water resources under climate change conditions threatens water security, which means risking the availability of enough good-quality water for everybody and for nature’s flora and fauna. Integrated Water Resources Management is a state-of-the-art water management model. After 20 years in use, the application of this model failed to achieve its primary goal in many countries, i.e., ensuring the good ecological status of rivers, lakes, and aquifers. This paper shows that because the model is more human-centered than nature-oriented or anthropocentric, it generates severe environmental damages called “externalities.” From a historical analysis of the human–nature interplay, three main results were obtained: (1) the nature–human interaction is always in a state of contradictory confrontation, being composed of two opposite human behaviors of conflict and cooperation with nature; (2) this contradiction is assumed as a general ontological principle and epistemic hypothesis, called “dialectical”; and (3) historically, in the balance of power between nature and humans, three clusters are identified: (i) naturalistic, (ii) dualistic, and (iii) anthropocentric. A theory of a novel behaviorist conflict resolution model is suggested to dialectically resolve conflicts between stakeholders and natural laws. This model provides a harmonic symbiosis of humans and nature, removes environmental externalities, and can lead to sustainable water security. Three case studies illustrate the merits of the new dialectical model in real applications.

Metaphysics of physics: When the boundaries of science and metaphysics intertwine

The evolution of contemporary physics proved that science cannot abandon metaphysics, there is evidence that there are theories that engage in metaphysical topics or offer metaphysical solutions to scientific problems, there were many concepts and theories that were not based on experience because of the difficulty of testing them. This is the result of the great theoretical progress achieved in physical research, The evolution of contemporary physics has shown that the Positivism call for excluding metaphysics from science cannot be achieved, Metaphysics is found in the principles of science as we rely on postulates that cannot be demonstrated, such as the stability of the laws of nature, The necessity of metaphysics arises from the fact that the development of physics has proven the limitations of scientific experience, The theoretical aspect must advance because cognitive curiosity will not stop the human from asking questions, Metaphysical ideas can play a guiding role in theoretical research in physics, 

Ergonomics Evaluation an Origin and Overview - Copy

ABSTRACT Ergonomics is the study of human abilities and characteristics which affect the design of equipment, systems, and jobs. The terms ergonomics and human factors can be used interchangeably. "Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among human and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.“Origin - The name ergonomics officially proposed at a 1949 meeting of the British Admiralty (July 12), by Prof. Hugh Murrell. The name 'Ergonomics' officially accepted in 1950. The name Ergonomics was derived from the Greek words: Ergon - work; Nomos - natural law. First use of the word actually can be traced to a series of four articles written by Prof. Wojciech Jastrzebowski in Poland in 1857.Britain - The Ergonomic Society was formed in 1952 with people from psychology, biology, physiology, and design.United States - The Human Factors Society was formed in 1957. In the US "human factors engineering" was emphasized by the US military with concentration on human engineering and engineering psychology. US efforts also focused on the "role" of an individual within a complex system. Keywords ;

Universal Laws, Nature Laws, God Laws, Spiritual, Philosophical & Science Laws: Origin, Rationales, Prophesy, and Human Well-Being

The natural world is built and operated by universal laws. Stephen Hawking prophecy states that by understanding the working of the universe, you will know and understand the mind of God. This paper focuses on analyzing different universal laws and their origin, rationale, and prophecy. This research is a framework of the science, rationale, vision, and metaanalysis of universal laws. The findings revealed that natural law, in philosophy, is a system of right or justice held to be common to all humans and is derived from nature. Natural law theory is concerned with two basic principles, which are morality and legality. God's eternal law is not fully cognizable by humans in His everlasting plan. The scientific laws of nature consist of many principles which were earlier assumed as Nature’s laws. The first spiritual law of success is pure potentiality which says humans are pure consciousness. The 12 universal laws are inherent and unchanging principles that ancient people intuitively discovered through their fact-finding efforts. The law of Newton’s gravity is considered “universal” and it is applicable on all bodies having a mass (sun, moon, earth, apple, etc.). The 7 cosmic laws are fundamental principles that control everyone and everything. God designed nature’s laws and blessed humans with rationality to understand them. Also, God's eternal law can be discovered by observing the behaviour of animals and planets, as well as understanding how people should behave.

Differentiating Commonality Particles from Individuality Particles

The Same Completely Inclusive Faith with Its Principium of Natural Laws of the Compounding-Corresponding-Trinity Presents and Unfolds Through Different Ways and Methods in Science, Philosophy, Religion, etc.” (Abbreviated as Principium. clarify that:  The particles not only have the distinction between Commonality Particles and Individuality Particle; any particle compounding and corresponding, also have four major natural standpoint- attributes. Among them, “The Commonality Particle” consistently demonstrate higher stability than “The Individuality Particle” through compounding and corresponding. Similarly, the destruction of “The Commonality Particles” would cause greater harm to humans and nature, potentially even leading to human destruction. Only by adhering to “The Three Great Natural Complementary Laws” of Principium, can humans expand their lives and human society with clarity of mind, saving time and effort while ensuring safe operations

Substance: The Foundation to Aristotle’s Metaphysics.

This article explores an inquiry into substance as the foundation of Aristotle’s metaphysics. An analysis of the statue of matter is look at and also the nature of form. It uses elements like: intrinsic animator of nature, the fundamental recruiter, the fundamental character and the pincher of nature that explains the essence of things in light of matter and form. These elements bring the interaction between matter and form and posit that it is centered on the laws of nature. The main argument is that substance is foundational to Aristotle’s metaphysics. The possible solutions to the plaque affecting the society are considered. 

Проблема происхождения права в концепции общей теории права Г. Ф. Шершеневича

The article is devoted to the concept of the origin of law of one of the famous theorists of Russian law at the beginning of the twentieth century, G.F. Shershenevich. The author evaluates the arguments of criticism by G.F. Shershenevich approaches to this problem of the school of natural law, the historical school of law, the Marxist theory of law, as well as R. Iering and S.A. Muromtseva. A special place in the article is occupied by the characteristics of the concept of G.F. Shershenevich, which, according to the author, was influenced by the ideas of other approaches.

Thomas Aquinas and Some Neo-Thomists on the Possibility of Miracles and the Laws of Nature

This paper discusses how Thomas Aquinas and some Neo-Thomists scholars (Juan José Urráburu, Joseph Hontheim, Édouard Hugon, and Joseph Gredt) analysed the metaphysical possibility of miracles. My main goal is to unpack the metaphysical toolbox that Aquinas uses to solve the basic question about the possibility of miracles and to compare how his late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century followers solved the issue themselves. The key feature to differentiate the two approaches will reside in their use of different notions to account for the possibility of miracles, namely obediential potency for Aquinas and the laws of nature for the Neo-Thomists. To show why neo-Thomist scholars source to this notion, I also briefly discuss how the notion of the laws of nature emerged in the seventeenth century.

The Consequence Argument and the Possibility of the Laws of Nature Being Violated

The Consequence Argument and the Possibility of the Laws of Nature Being Violated

Leibniz as a virtue ethicist

AbstractIn this paper I argue that Leibniz's ethics is a kind of virtue ethics where virtues of the agent are explanatorily primary. I first examine how Leibniz obtained his conception of justice as a kind of love in an early text, Elements of Natural Law. I show that in this text Leibniz's goal was to find a satisfactory definition of justice that could reconcile egoism with altruism, and that this was achieved through the Aristotelian virtue of friendship where friends treat each other as “other selves.” Following this decisive moment, Leibniz adopted an Aristotle‐inspired ethical framework where the virtuous agent is central for moral evaluations. I then show that, despite certain developments, Leibniz's ethics retained this essential feature throughout his career. In Leibniz's later writings, God constitutes the foundation of the moral realm, and the fundamental moral endeavor of human beings consists in the imitation of God.

A Study from the Mitigation of the Depression to Upsurging of Well-being and Happiness with Reference to Vedic Psychology

Today the Psychology has become a profound way of self-improvement along with wide ranging benefits of enhancing wellbeing and happiness. It is evident that relationship of mind to matter has scientific experimental methodology. In order to understand the relationship or methodology we are referring here Vedic sciences or Vedic Psychology. For the cure and healing of mental health issues such as stress, anxiety and depression with the help of prodigious tools and techniques. Traditional Indian knowledge systems has enormous storehouse of scientific knowledge, such as vedas, Puranas, Yoga Sutras and spiritual Psychology. Vedic Psychology is an ancient knowledge of theoretical and practical transformation which transforms human awareness to higher states of consciousness. Vedic Psychology is a ‘consciousness’ based approach which has unique methods and techniques to mitigate depression and upsurging of well being and happiness. It shows us the path of evolution where gradual process of practicing glides the human towards integrity and peace. Several studies shows where Vedic Psychology exercises and demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness with the help of meditations to control anxiety and depression. Vedic knowledge plays vital role for a holistic development of human awareness. References from the vedas where The non – changing and ever changing aspect of vedas together form the totality of life called ‘Brahman’. This is the symbol of totality of cosmos. Which means each individual being is an expression of ultimate unity and is composed of all levels of nature. This paper takes a leap from the psychological to the metaphysical, epistemological and ethical plane to explain the validity and concepts of Vedic Psychology. The several techniques for monitoring internal consciousness leads to the concepts of identity and existence. Where Vedic Hymns or Mantras used to establish the power of truth seen and heard in the consciousness. It explains how the supreme creative hymns inherits the rhythmic vibration of energy in the light of the creative consciousness of the supreme. The concept of Brahman and Aatman in the Upanishads leads to the absolute truth. Upanishads which are called the ‘ends of the Vedas’ has given the most strongest and spiritual philosophy in the form of Vedanta. Which teaches the person to know the authenticity of oneself. Vedas guides us to live according to the natural cosmic law (Rta) and Upanishads guides to overcome the negative thoughts and powers. The individual core spirit is termed as Aatman which is different from the physical state of oneself. In the writings of vedas it has mentioned that Aatman transforms itself into the Cosmic soul or self. In the process of awakening of the self where experience and reason are common tools characterised by the separation of objects observed and the observer. Vedic Psychology emphasis on the deeper systematic first person approach. In mainstream modern science consciousness is defined as the ability to be aware of a separate object of experience. Vedic Psychology is indeed helpful for the whole community of humans to rise from the mental disorders such as grief, pain, stress, anxiety and depression to reach out of it towards serenity of well being, happiness and peace.

Legal Transformation in the Digital Age: A Comparative Study of the Impact of New Regulations in the Digital Economy

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>The research aim is to analyze the impact of new regulations in the digital economy through a comparative study. This research uses the content analysis method to understand how these regulations affect legal structures and business practices. The digital age has brought significant changes to the global economy, triggering the need for regulations that can support innovation while protecting the rights of users. New regulations in the digital economy often relate to data privacy, cybersecurity and intellectual property rights. Through content analysis, this research evaluates how different countries are responding to these challenges through their legal frameworks. The research is also grounded in natural law theory, coined by Hugo Grotius, who argued that laws should reflect universal and unchanging moral principles. The results show that new regulations in the digital economy have a significant impact on legal protection for consumers. This protection effort is carried out through preventive, repressive, protective, solution, and alternative approaches. Dispute resolution through both litigation and non-litigation channels shows that legal protection can be guaranteed by the existence of regulations governing electronic commerce, especially on e-commerce platforms. By applying these principles, this research aims to provide recommendations for the establishment of regulations that are not only effective but also fair and sustainable.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em> </em></p>